What is Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS)?

As women approach their menstrual period, a number of symptoms may arise due to hormone levels. Generally occurring in 75% of menstruating women, some of these symptoms are mild, while others can be severe enough to affect daily life (Premenstrual Syndrome, PMS). These symptoms, known as premenstrual complaints, can sometimes be physiological, while other times they stem from psychological factors or cultural differences. 

Physical Symptoms of Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS)

• Temporary weight gain
• Breast tenderness
• Digestive system disorders
• Headaches
• Muscle and joint pain
• Weakness
• Extreme sensitivity to sounds and smells.
• Gum bleeding
• Insomnia

Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS) Psychological Symptoms

• Excessive irritability
• Feelings of worry and anxiety
• Concentration problems
• Depression
• Unrest

Causes of Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS)

Although the results of studies on the causes of PMS remain theoretical, it is generally accepted that reproductive hormones may contribute to PMS. It is thought that the combined action of reproductive hormones and certain substances that facilitate nerve transmission (such as GABA and serotonin) causes PMS. According to this view, the distribution of GABA and serotonin in the body affects communication between nerve cells, leading to an increase in symptoms experienced during this period.

Another believed cause of PMS is stress hormones. High levels of stress hormones can worsen and intensify symptoms experienced during PMS. Additionally, magnesium deficiency or calcium excess are also among the suggested causes of the syndrome. 

Who gets Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS)?

PMS can occur in all cultures worldwide among menstruating women. Women whose mothers had PMS are more likely to experience it themselves. As women age, the severity and intensity of symptoms will tend to decrease. 

Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS) Treatment

Because the exact cause of PMS is unknown, there is no complete cure. Different treatment approaches are applied depending on the individual and their lifestyle. Dietary treatments may include consuming fresh fruits and vegetables during the premenstrual period and reducing caffeine and alcohol consumption. Other treatment approaches include exercise, calcium and magnesium supplementation, psychotherapy, and acupuncture.